Pereyra AS, McLaughlin KL, Buddo KA, Ellis JM
Currently, common clinical GLP-1RAs include exenatide and exenatide-LAR [34,35,36,37,38,39,40], lixisenatide [41,42,43,44], beinaglutide [45], liraglutide [46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53], semaglutide [54,55,56,57,58], albiglutide [59,60,61], dulaglutide [62,63,64], oral semaglutide [58, 65,66,67], PEG-loxenatide [68] and tirzepatide [68,69,70,71,72,73] (Table 1)
The future of GLP-1 research As GLP-1s continue to reshape the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity (along with an expanding list of potential indications), real-world evidence will be essential for optimizing their use, ensuring access, and tailoring treatments to the individual needs of patients
Three forces converged: FDA enforcement that escalated from warnings to raids, quality failures exposed by independent testing, and the structural collapse of the "research use only" business model